List of Tables
 Table 1. Precast Concrete Annual Sales CAGR by Geographic Region (2020, 2024 & 2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 2. Precast Concrete Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2020, 2024 & 2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 3. Major Players of Floors & Roofs
 Table 4. Major Players of Walls & Barriers
 Table 5. Major Players of Columns & Beams
 Table 6. Major Players of Utility Vaults
 Table 7. Major Players of Girders
 Table 8. Major Players of Pipes
 Table 9. Major Players of Paving slabs
 Table 10. Global Precast Concrete Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 11. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
 Table 12. Global Precast Concrete Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & ($ million)
 Table 13. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
 Table 14. Global Precast Concrete Sale Price by Type (2020-2025) & (USD/MT)
 Table 15. Global Precast Concrete Sale by Application (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 16. Global Precast Concrete Sale Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
 Table 17. Global Precast Concrete Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & ($ million)
 Table 18. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
 Table 19. Global Precast Concrete Sale Price by Application (2020-2025) & (USD/MT)
 Table 20. Global Precast Concrete Sales by Company (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 21. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2025)
 Table 22. Global Precast Concrete Revenue by Company (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
 Table 23. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2025)
 Table 24. Global Precast Concrete Sale Price by Company (2020-2025) & (USD/MT)
 Table 25. Key Manufacturers Precast Concrete Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area
 Table 26. Players Precast Concrete Products Offered
 Table 27. Precast Concrete Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2023-2025)
 Table 28. New Products and Potential Entrants
 Table 29. Market M&A Activity & Strategy
 Table 30. Global Precast Concrete Sales by Geographic Region (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 31. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share Geographic Region (2020-2025)
 Table 32. Global Precast Concrete Revenue by Geographic Region (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
 Table 33. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region (2020-2025)
 Table 34. Global Precast Concrete Sales by Country/Region (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 35. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2020-2025)
 Table 36. Global Precast Concrete Revenue by Country/Region (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
 Table 37. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2020-2025)
 Table 38. Americas Precast Concrete Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 39. Americas Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2025)
 Table 40. Americas Precast Concrete Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
 Table 41. Americas Precast Concrete Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 42. Americas Precast Concrete Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 43. APAC Precast Concrete Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 44. APAC Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
 Table 45. APAC Precast Concrete Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
 Table 46. APAC Precast Concrete Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 47. APAC Precast Concrete Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 48. Europe Precast Concrete Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 49. Europe Precast Concrete Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
 Table 50. Europe Precast Concrete Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 51. Europe Precast Concrete Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 52. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 53. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2025)
 Table 54. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 55. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Table 56. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Precast Concrete
 Table 57. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Precast Concrete
 Table 58. Key Industry Trends of Precast Concrete
 Table 59. Precast Concrete Raw Material
 Table 60. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
 Table 61. Precast Concrete Distributors List
 Table 62. Precast Concrete Customer List
 Table 63. Global Precast Concrete Sales Forecast by Region (2026-2031) & (K MT)
 Table 64. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Forecast by Region (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 65. Americas Precast Concrete Sales Forecast by Country (2026-2031) & (K MT)
 Table 66. Americas Precast Concrete Annual Revenue Forecast by Country (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 67. APAC Precast Concrete Sales Forecast by Region (2026-2031) & (K MT)
 Table 68. APAC Precast Concrete Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 69. Europe Precast Concrete Sales Forecast by Country (2026-2031) & (K MT)
 Table 70. Europe Precast Concrete Revenue Forecast by Country (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 71. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Sales Forecast by Country (2026-2031) & (K MT)
 Table 72. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Revenue Forecast by Country (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 73. Global Precast Concrete Sales Forecast by Type (2026-2031) & (K MT)
 Table 74. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Forecast by Type (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 75. Global Precast Concrete Sales Forecast by Application (2026-2031) & (K MT)
 Table 76. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Forecast by Application (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
 Table 77. Actividades De Construccion Y Servicios, S.A. Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 78. Actividades De Construccion Y Servicios, S.A. Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 79. Actividades De Construccion Y Servicios, S.A. Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 80. Actividades De Construccion Y Servicios, S.A. Main Business
 Table 81. Actividades De Construccion Y Servicios, S.A. Latest Developments
 Table 82. Bouygues Construction Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 83. Bouygues Construction Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 84. Bouygues Construction Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 85. Bouygues Construction Main Business
 Table 86. Bouygues Construction Latest Developments
 Table 87. Cemex Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 88. Cemex Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 89. Cemex Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 90. Cemex Main Business
 Table 91. Cemex Latest Developments
 Table 92. Balfour Beatty PLC Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 93. Balfour Beatty PLC Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 94. Balfour Beatty PLC Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 95. Balfour Beatty PLC Main Business
 Table 96. Balfour Beatty PLC Latest Developments
 Table 97. Laing O’Rourke Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 98. Laing O’Rourke Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 99. Laing O’Rourke Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 100. Laing O’Rourke Main Business
 Table 101. Laing O’Rourke Latest Developments
 Table 102. Larsen & Toubro Limited Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 103. Larsen & Toubro Limited Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 104. Larsen & Toubro Limited Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 105. Larsen & Toubro Limited Main Business
 Table 106. Larsen & Toubro Limited Latest Developments
 Table 107. Taisei Corporation Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 108. Taisei Corporation Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 109. Taisei Corporation Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 110. Taisei Corporation Main Business
 Table 111. Taisei Corporation Latest Developments
 Table 112. Skanska Ab Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 113. Skanska Ab Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 114. Skanska Ab Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 115. Skanska Ab Main Business
 Table 116. Skanska Ab Latest Developments
 Table 117. CRH PLC Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 118. CRH PLC Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 119. CRH PLC Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 120. CRH PLC Main Business
 Table 121. CRH PLC Latest Developments
 Table 122. Julius Berger Nigeria PLC Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 123. Julius Berger Nigeria PLC Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 124. Julius Berger Nigeria PLC Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 125. Julius Berger Nigeria PLC Main Business
 Table 126. Julius Berger Nigeria PLC Latest Developments
 Table 127. Red Sea Housing Services Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 128. Red Sea Housing Services Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 129. Red Sea Housing Services Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 130. Red Sea Housing Services Main Business
 Table 131. Red Sea Housing Services Latest Developments
 Table 132. Atco Group Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 133. Atco Group Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 134. Atco Group Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 135. Atco Group Main Business
 Table 136. Atco Group Latest Developments
 Table 137. Vinci Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 138. Vinci Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 139. Vinci Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 140. Vinci Main Business
 Table 141. Vinci Latest Developments
 Table 142. Kiewit Corporation Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 143. Kiewit Corporation Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 144. Kiewit Corporation Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 145. Kiewit Corporation Main Business
 Table 146. Kiewit Corporation Latest Developments
 Table 147. Oldcastle Precast Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 148. Oldcastle Precast Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 149. Oldcastle Precast Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 150. Oldcastle Precast Main Business
 Table 151. Oldcastle Precast Latest Developments
 Table 152. Komatsu Ltd Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 153. Komatsu Ltd Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 154. Komatsu Ltd Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 155. Komatsu Ltd Main Business
 Table 156. Komatsu Ltd Latest Developments
 Table 157. Modular Space Corporation Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 158. Modular Space Corporation Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 159. Modular Space Corporation Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 160. Modular Space Corporation Main Business
 Table 161. Modular Space Corporation Latest Developments
 Table 162. KEF Infrastructure India Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 163. KEF Infrastructure India Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 164. KEF Infrastructure India Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 165. KEF Infrastructure India Main Business
 Table 166. KEF Infrastructure India Latest Developments
 Table 167. Preca Solutions India Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 168. Preca Solutions India Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 169. Preca Solutions India Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 170. Preca Solutions India Main Business
 Table 171. Preca Solutions India Latest Developments
 Table 172. Nanaimo Precast Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 173. Nanaimo Precast Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 174. Nanaimo Precast Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 175. Nanaimo Precast Main Business
 Table 176. Nanaimo Precast Latest Developments
 Table 177. Coreslab Structures Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 178. Coreslab Structures Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 179. Coreslab Structures Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 180. Coreslab Structures Main Business
 Table 181. Coreslab Structures Latest Developments
 Table 182. Coltman Precast Concrete Ltd Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 183. Coltman Precast Concrete Ltd Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 184. Coltman Precast Concrete Ltd Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 185. Coltman Precast Concrete Ltd Main Business
 Table 186. Coltman Precast Concrete Ltd Latest Developments
 Table 187. Metromont Corporation Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 188. Metromont Corporation Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 189. Metromont Corporation Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 190. Metromont Corporation Main Business
 Table 191. Metromont Corporation Latest Developments
 Table 192. Styl-Comp Group Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 193. Styl-Comp Group Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 194. Styl-Comp Group Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 195. Styl-Comp Group Main Business
 Table 196. Styl-Comp Group Latest Developments
 Table 197. Smeet Precast Basic Information, Precast Concrete Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
 Table 198. Smeet Precast Precast Concrete Product Portfolios and Specifications
 Table 199. Smeet Precast Precast Concrete Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
 Table 200. Smeet Precast Main Business
 Table 201. Smeet Precast Latest Developments


List of Figures
 Figure 1. Picture of Precast Concrete
 Figure 2. Precast Concrete Report Years Considered
 Figure 3. Research Objectives
 Figure 4. Research Methodology
 Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source
 Figure 6. Global Precast Concrete Sales Growth Rate 2020-2031 (K MT)
 Figure 7. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Growth Rate 2020-2031 ($ millions)
 Figure 8. Precast Concrete Sales by Geographic Region (2020, 2024 & 2031) & ($ millions)
 Figure 9. Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2024)
 Figure 10. Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2020, 2024 & 2031)
 Figure 11. Product Picture of Floors & Roofs
 Figure 12. Product Picture of Walls & Barriers
 Figure 13. Product Picture of Columns & Beams
 Figure 14. Product Picture of Utility Vaults
 Figure 15. Product Picture of Girders
 Figure 16. Product Picture of Pipes
 Figure 17. Product Picture of Paving slabs
 Figure 18. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Type in 2025
 Figure 19. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
 Figure 20. Precast Concrete Consumed in Non-residential
 Figure 21. Global Precast Concrete Market: Non-residential (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Figure 22. Precast Concrete Consumed in Residential
 Figure 23. Global Precast Concrete Market: Residential (2020-2025) & (K MT)
 Figure 24. Global Precast Concrete Sale Market Share by Application (2024)
 Figure 25. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Application in 2025
 Figure 26. Precast Concrete Sales by Company in 2025 (K MT)
 Figure 27. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Company in 2025
 Figure 28. Precast Concrete Revenue by Company in 2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 29. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Company in 2025
 Figure 30. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Geographic Region (2020-2025)
 Figure 31. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region in 2025
 Figure 32. Americas Precast Concrete Sales 2020-2025 (K MT)
 Figure 33. Americas Precast Concrete Revenue 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 34. APAC Precast Concrete Sales 2020-2025 (K MT)
 Figure 35. APAC Precast Concrete Revenue 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 36. Europe Precast Concrete Sales 2020-2025 (K MT)
 Figure 37. Europe Precast Concrete Revenue 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 38. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Sales 2020-2025 (K MT)
 Figure 39. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Revenue 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 40. Americas Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Country in 2025
 Figure 41. Americas Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2025)
 Figure 42. Americas Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
 Figure 43. Americas Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
 Figure 44. United States Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 45. Canada Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 46. Mexico Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 47. Brazil Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 48. APAC Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Region in 2025
 Figure 49. APAC Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
 Figure 50. APAC Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
 Figure 51. APAC Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
 Figure 52. China Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 53. Japan Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 54. South Korea Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 55. Southeast Asia Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 56. India Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 57. Australia Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 58. China Taiwan Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 59. Europe Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Country in 2025
 Figure 60. Europe Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2025)
 Figure 61. Europe Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
 Figure 62. Europe Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
 Figure 63. Germany Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 64. France Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 65. UK Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 66. Italy Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 67. Russia Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2025)
 Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
 Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Precast Concrete Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
 Figure 71. Egypt Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 72. South Africa Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 73. Israel Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 74. Turkey Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 75. GCC Countries Precast Concrete Revenue Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
 Figure 76. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Precast Concrete in 2025
 Figure 77. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Precast Concrete
 Figure 78. Industry Chain Structure of Precast Concrete
 Figure 79. Channels of Distribution
 Figure 80. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
 Figure 81. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
 Figure 82. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
 Figure 83. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
 Figure 84. Global Precast Concrete Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
 Figure 85. Global Precast Concrete Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2026-2031)