Global Gas Detectors Market Growth 2023-2029

A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak and interface with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. Gas detectors measure and indicate the concentration of certain gases in an air via different technologies.

LPI (LP Information)' newest research report, the “Gas Detectors Industry Forecast” looks at past sales and reviews total world Gas Detectors sales in 2022, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected Gas Detectors sales for 2023 through 2029. With Gas Detectors sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world Gas Detectors industry.

This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global Gas Detectors landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyzes the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on Gas Detectors portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms' unique position in an accelerating global Gas Detectors market.

This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for Gas Detectors and breaks down the forecast by type, by application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global Gas Detectors.

The global Gas Detectors market size is projected to grow from US$ 2931.8 million in 2022 to US$ 4119.7 million in 2029; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4119.7 from 2023 to 2029.

Global Gas Detectors key players include MSA, Honeywell Analytics, Dräger, Industrial Scientific, New Cosmos Electric, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 55%.

United States is the largest market, with a share about 30%, followed by China and Europe, both have a share over 50 percent. 
In terms of product, Portable Gas Detectors is the largest segment, with a share over 60%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Oil & Gas, followed by Mining.

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Gas Detectors market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.

Market Segmentation:
Segmentation by type
    Fixed Gas Detectors
    Portable Gas Detectors

Segmentation by application
    Oil and Gas
    Mining
    Manufacturing Industry
    Building Automation
    Others

This report also splits the market by region:
    Americas
        United States
        Canada
        Mexico
        Brazil
    APAC
        China
        Japan
        Korea
        Southeast Asia
        India
        Australia
    Europe
        Germany
        France
        UK
        Italy
        Russia
    Middle East & Africa
        Egypt
        South Africa
        Israel
        Turkey
        GCC Countries

The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.
    MSA
    Honeywell Analytics
    Dräger
    Industrial Scientific
    New Cosmos Electric
    Tyco International
    Riken Keiki
    Emerson
    Oldham
    UTC
    3M
    Hanwei
    IGD
    SENSIT Technologies
    Shanghai AEGIS

Key Questions Addressed in this Report
What is the 10-year outlook for the global Gas Detectors market?
What factors are driving Gas Detectors market growth, globally and by region?
Which technologies are poised for the fastest growth by market and region?
How do Gas Detectors market opportunities vary by end market size?
How does Gas Detectors break out type, application?
What are the influences of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine war?

List of Tables
    Table 1. Gas Detectors Annual Sales CAGR by Geographic Region (2018, 2022 & 2029) & ($ millions)
    Table 2. Gas Detectors Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2018, 2022 & 2029) & ($ millions)
    Table 3. Major Players of Fixed Gas Detectors
    Table 4. Major Players of Portable Gas Detectors
    Table 5. Global Gas Detectors Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 6. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
    Table 7. Global Gas Detectors Revenue by Type (2018-2023) & ($ million)
    Table 8. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
    Table 9. Global Gas Detectors Sale Price by Type (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
    Table 10. Global Gas Detectors Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 11. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
    Table 12. Global Gas Detectors Revenue by Application (2018-2023)
    Table 13. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
    Table 14. Global Gas Detectors Sale Price by Application (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
    Table 15. Global Gas Detectors Sales by Company (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 16. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Company (2018-2023)
    Table 17. Global Gas Detectors Revenue by Company (2018-2023) ($ Millions)
    Table 18. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Company (2018-2023)
    Table 19. Global Gas Detectors Sale Price by Company (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
    Table 20. Key Manufacturers Gas Detectors Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area
    Table 21. Players Gas Detectors Products Offered
    Table 22. Gas Detectors Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2018-2023)
    Table 23. New Products and Potential Entrants
    Table 24. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
    Table 25. Global Gas Detectors Sales by Geographic Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 26. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share Geographic Region (2018-2023)
    Table 27. Global Gas Detectors Revenue by Geographic Region (2018-2023) & ($ millions)
    Table 28. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
    Table 29. Global Gas Detectors Sales by Country/Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 30. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2018-2023)
    Table 31. Global Gas Detectors Revenue by Country/Region (2018-2023) & ($ millions)
    Table 32. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2018-2023)
    Table 33. Americas Gas Detectors Sales by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 34. Americas Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
    Table 35. Americas Gas Detectors Revenue by Country (2018-2023) & ($ Millions)
    Table 36. Americas Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
    Table 37. Americas Gas Detectors Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 38. Americas Gas Detectors Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 39. APAC Gas Detectors Sales by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 40. APAC Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
    Table 41. APAC Gas Detectors Revenue by Region (2018-2023) & ($ Millions)
    Table 42. APAC Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
    Table 43. APAC Gas Detectors Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 44. APAC Gas Detectors Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 45. Europe Gas Detectors Sales by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 46. Europe Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
    Table 47. Europe Gas Detectors Revenue by Country (2018-2023) & ($ Millions)
    Table 48. Europe Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
    Table 49. Europe Gas Detectors Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 50. Europe Gas Detectors Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 51. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 52. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
    Table 53. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Revenue by Country (2018-2023) & ($ Millions)
    Table 54. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Country (2018-2023)
    Table 55. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 56. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Table 57. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Gas Detectors
    Table 58. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Gas Detectors
    Table 59. Key Industry Trends of Gas Detectors
    Table 60. Gas Detectors Raw Material
    Table 61. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
    Table 62. Gas Detectors Distributors List
    Table 63. Gas Detectors Customer List
    Table 64. Global Gas Detectors Sales Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
    Table 65. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
    Table 66. Americas Gas Detectors Sales Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
    Table 67. Americas Gas Detectors Revenue Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
    Table 68. APAC Gas Detectors Sales Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
    Table 69. APAC Gas Detectors Revenue Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
    Table 70. Europe Gas Detectors Sales Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
    Table 71. Europe Gas Detectors Revenue Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
    Table 72. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
    Table 73. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Revenue Forecast by Country (2024-2029) & ($ millions)
    Table 74. Global Gas Detectors Sales Forecast by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
    Table 75. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Forecast by Type (2024-2029) & ($ Millions)
    Table 76. Global Gas Detectors Sales Forecast by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
    Table 77. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Forecast by Application (2024-2029) & ($ Millions)
    Table 78. MSA Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 79. MSA Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 80. MSA Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 81. MSA Main Business
    Table 82. MSA Latest Developments
    Table 83. Honeywell Analytics Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 84. Honeywell Analytics Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 85. Honeywell Analytics Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 86. Honeywell Analytics Main Business
    Table 87. Honeywell Analytics Latest Developments
    Table 88. Dräger Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 89. Dräger Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 90. Dräger Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 91. Dräger Main Business
    Table 92. Dräger Latest Developments
    Table 93. Industrial Scientific Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 94. Industrial Scientific Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 95. Industrial Scientific Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 96. Industrial Scientific Main Business
    Table 97. Industrial Scientific Latest Developments
    Table 98. New Cosmos Electric Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 99. New Cosmos Electric Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 100. New Cosmos Electric Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 101. New Cosmos Electric Main Business
    Table 102. New Cosmos Electric Latest Developments
    Table 103. Tyco International Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 104. Tyco International Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 105. Tyco International Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 106. Tyco International Main Business
    Table 107. Tyco International Latest Developments
    Table 108. Riken Keiki Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 109. Riken Keiki Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 110. Riken Keiki Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 111. Riken Keiki Main Business
    Table 112. Riken Keiki Latest Developments
    Table 113. Emerson Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 114. Emerson Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 115. Emerson Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 116. Emerson Main Business
    Table 117. Emerson Latest Developments
    Table 118. Oldham Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 119. Oldham Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 120. Oldham Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 121. Oldham Main Business
    Table 122. Oldham Latest Developments
    Table 123. UTC Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 124. UTC Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 125. UTC Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 126. UTC Main Business
    Table 127. UTC Latest Developments
    Table 128. 3M Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 129. 3M Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 130. 3M Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 131. 3M Main Business
    Table 132. 3M Latest Developments
    Table 133. Hanwei Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 134. Hanwei Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 135. Hanwei Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 136. Hanwei Main Business
    Table 137. Hanwei Latest Developments
    Table 138. IGD Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 139. IGD Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 140. IGD Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 141. IGD Main Business
    Table 142. IGD Latest Developments
    Table 143. SENSIT Technologies Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 144. SENSIT Technologies Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 145. SENSIT Technologies Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 146. SENSIT Technologies Main Business
    Table 147. SENSIT Technologies Latest Developments
    Table 148. Shanghai AEGIS Basic Information, Gas Detectors Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
    Table 149. Shanghai AEGIS Gas Detectors Product Portfolios and Specifications
    Table 150. Shanghai AEGIS Gas Detectors Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
    Table 151. Shanghai AEGIS Main Business
    Table 152. Shanghai AEGIS Latest Developments
List of Figures
    Figure 1. Picture of Gas Detectors
    Figure 2. Gas Detectors Report Years Considered
    Figure 3. Research Objectives
    Figure 4. Research Methodology
    Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source
    Figure 6. Global Gas Detectors Sales Growth Rate 2018-2029 (K Units)
    Figure 7. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Growth Rate 2018-2029 ($ Millions)
    Figure 8. Gas Detectors Sales by Region (2018, 2022 & 2029) & ($ Millions)
    Figure 9. Product Picture of Fixed Gas Detectors
    Figure 10. Product Picture of Portable Gas Detectors
    Figure 11. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Type in 2022
    Figure 12. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
    Figure 13. Gas Detectors Consumed in Oil and Gas
    Figure 14. Global Gas Detectors Market: Oil and Gas (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Figure 15. Gas Detectors Consumed in Mining
    Figure 16. Global Gas Detectors Market: Mining (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Figure 17. Gas Detectors Consumed in Manufacturing Industry
    Figure 18. Global Gas Detectors Market: Manufacturing Industry (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Figure 19. Gas Detectors Consumed in Building Automation
    Figure 20. Global Gas Detectors Market: Building Automation (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Figure 21. Gas Detectors Consumed in Others
    Figure 22. Global Gas Detectors Market: Others (2018-2023) & (K Units)
    Figure 23. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Application (2022)
    Figure 24. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Application in 2022
    Figure 25. Gas Detectors Sales Market by Company in 2022 (K Units)
    Figure 26. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Company in 2022
    Figure 27. Gas Detectors Revenue Market by Company in 2022 ($ Million)
    Figure 28. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Company in 2022
    Figure 29. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
    Figure 30. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region in 2022
    Figure 31. Americas Gas Detectors Sales 2018-2023 (K Units)
    Figure 32. Americas Gas Detectors Revenue 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 33. APAC Gas Detectors Sales 2018-2023 (K Units)
    Figure 34. APAC Gas Detectors Revenue 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 35. Europe Gas Detectors Sales 2018-2023 (K Units)
    Figure 36. Europe Gas Detectors Revenue 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 37. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales 2018-2023 (K Units)
    Figure 38. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Revenue 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 39. Americas Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Country in 2022
    Figure 40. Americas Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Country in 2022
    Figure 41. Americas Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
    Figure 42. Americas Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
    Figure 43. United States Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 44. Canada Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 45. Mexico Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 46. Brazil Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 47. APAC Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Region in 2022
    Figure 48. APAC Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2022
    Figure 49. APAC Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
    Figure 50. APAC Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
    Figure 51. China Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 52. Japan Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 53. South Korea Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 54. Southeast Asia Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 55. India Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 56. Australia Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 57. China Taiwan Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 58. Europe Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Country in 2022
    Figure 59. Europe Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Country in 2022
    Figure 60. Europe Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
    Figure 61. Europe Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
    Figure 62. Germany Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 63. France Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 64. UK Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 65. Italy Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 66. Russia Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Country in 2022
    Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share by Country in 2022
    Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
    Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Gas Detectors Sales Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
    Figure 71. Egypt Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 72. South Africa Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 73. Israel Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 74. Turkey Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 75. GCC Country Gas Detectors Revenue Growth 2018-2023 ($ Millions)
    Figure 76. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Gas Detectors in 2022
    Figure 77. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Gas Detectors
    Figure 78. Industry Chain Structure of Gas Detectors
    Figure 79. Channels of Distribution
    Figure 80. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
    Figure 81. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
    Figure 82. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
    Figure 83. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
    Figure 84. Global Gas Detectors Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2024-2029)
    Figure 85. Global Gas Detectors Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2024-2029)

MSA
Honeywell Analytics
Dräger
Industrial Scientific
New Cosmos Electric
Tyco International
Riken Keiki
Emerson
Oldham
UTC
3M
Hanwei
IGD
SENSIT Technologies
Shanghai AEGIS

LP Information presents a detailed picture of the market by way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources. The analysts have presented the various facets of the market with a particular focus on identifying the key industry influencers. The data thus presented is comprehensive, reliable, and the result of extensive research, both primary and secondary.

• Primary Source
  Players/Suppliers
  Industry Experts
  Distributors/Traders
  Opinion Leaders
  Front-line Staff
  Marketing Executives

  Secondary Source
  Journals and Periodicals
  Government Bodies
  Annual Reports
  Presentations
  Paid Databases
  LPI Internal Repository

• Data Synthesis
  Information Gathering
  Collation of Data
  Estimation of Key Figures
  Analysis of Derived Insights

  Data Validation
  Triangulation with Data Models
  Reference Against Proprietary
  Databases
  Corroboration with Industry Experts

• Qualitative Analysis
  Market drivers
  Market challenges
  Market trends
  Five forces analysis

  Qualitative Analysis
  Market size and forecast
  Market segmentation
  Geographical insights
  Competitive landscape